Biology Practice Quizzes

Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 1: The Science of Biology

Biology and its Branches, Definition of Biology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Embryology, Genetics, Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Marine Biology, Pathology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Relation of Biology with Other Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Computational Biology, Biogeography, Biostatistics, Biotechnology, Bio-economics, Careers in Biology, Medicine and Surgery (MBBS), Dentistry (BDS), Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Fisheries and Wildlife, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Forestry, Farming, Biotechnology, Forensics, Veterinary Medicine, Genetic Counselling, Environmental Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Quranic Instructions to Study Life Science, Creation from Water, Creation from Clay, Developmental Stages of Organisms, Diversity of Animal Movement, Science as a Collaborative Field, Human Genome Project, Climate Change Research, Medical Research, Robotics and AI, Space Exploration, Scientific Method, Recognition of a Scientific Problem, Observations, Qualitative Observations, Quantitative Observations, Formulation of Hypothesis, Deduction, If-Then Statements, Experimentation, Experimental Group, Control Group, Results, Statistical Analysis, Publication, Theory and Law/Principle, Theory, Scientific Law, Scientific Principle, Malaria – An Example of Biological Method, Cause of Malaria, Discovery of Plasmodium by Laveran, Mode of Transmission, King's Observations, Ronald Ross's Experiments on Sparrows, Italian Biologists' Experiments on Humans

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 2: Biodiversity

Biodiversity, Definition of Biodiversity, Distribution of Biodiversity, Ecosystem Stability, Climate Regulation, Natural Resources, Economic Benefits, Aesthetic Values, Moral Values, Classification, Aims of Biological Classification, Principles of Biological Classification, Advantages of Classification, Taxonomic Ranks, Taxonomic Hierarchy, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, History of Classification, Aristotle, Al-Jahiz, Caesalpinio, Tournefort, Carl Linnaeus, Two-Kingdom System, Plantae, Animalia, Three-Kingdom System, Protista, Five-Kingdom System, Whittaker, Margulis and Schwartz, Three-Domain System, Carl Woese, Domains of Living Organisms, Domain Archaea, Kingdom Archaebacteria, Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles, Acidophiles, Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria, Domain Eukarya, Eukaryotic Organisms, Classification of Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista, Plant-like Algae, Animal-like Protozoans, Fungus-like Organisms, Slime Molds, Water Molds, Kingdom Fungi, Multicellular Absorptive Heterotrophs, Unicellular Absorptive Heterotrophs, Kingdom Plantae, Multicellular Autotrophs, Kingdom Animalia, Multicellular Ingestive Heterotrophs, Status of Virus in Classification, Acellular Nature of Viruses, Prions, Viroids, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Binomial Nomenclature, Genus, Species, Significance of Scientific Naming, International Rules of Scientific Naming

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 3: The Cell

Cell, Basic Unit of Life, Cell as a Functioning System, Cell as a City, Structure of Cell, Cell Wall, Middle Lamella, Primary Wall, Secondary Wall, Cell Wall Composition in Plants, Cell Wall Composition in Fungi, Cell Wall Composition in Bacteria, Cell Membrane, Fluid-Mosaic Model, Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Nucleus, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pores, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Ribosomes, Protein Synthesis, Ribosome Structure, Ribosome Subunits, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Cisternae, Golgi Vesicles, Lysosomes, Digestive Enzymes, Waste Breakdown, Cellular Cleanup, Mitochondria, Powerhouse of the Cell, Cristae, Matrix, Endosymbiotic Features, Plastids, Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts, Vacuoles, Animal Vacuoles, Large Central Plant Vacuole, Turgor Pressure, Centrioles, Centrosomes, Cilia, Flagella, Structural Advantages of Plant and Animal Cells, Structural Adaptations in Plants, Rigidity, Autotrophy, Turgor, Structural Adaptations in Animals, Flexibility, Motility, Division Efficiency, Cell Specialization, Plant Specialized Cells, Mesophyll Cells, Epidermal Cells, Guard Cells, Root Hair Cells, Animal Specialized Cells, Muscle Cells, Skeletal Muscle Cells, Cardiac Muscle Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells, Neurons, Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes, Liver Cells, Hepatocytes, Division of Labour within Cells, Division of Labour among Organelles, Division of Labour across Cells, Tissues, Organs, Stem Cells, Unspecialized Stem Cells, Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, Differentiation into Skin Cells, Differentiation into Liver Cells, Differentiation into Blood Cells, Bone Marrow

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 4: Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle, Interphase, Mitotic Phase, G1 Phase, S Phase, DNA Replication, G2 Phase, G0 Phase, Permanent Cell Cycle Exit, Temporary Cell Cycle Exit, Mitosis, Karyokinesis, Prophase, Metaphase, Metaphase Plate, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Cleavage Furrow, Phragmoplast, Cell Plate, Significance of Mitosis, Growth, Cell Replacement, Regeneration, Asexual Reproduction, Errors in Mitosis, Non-disjunction, Gene Mutation, Benign Tumors, Malignant Tumors, Cancer, Metastasis, Meiosis, Diploid Cells, Haploid Cells, Reduction Division, Meiosis-I, Prophase-I, Synapsis, Tetrad Formation, Chiasmata, Crossing Over, Metaphase-I, Anaphase-I, Telophase-I, Meiosis-II, Prophase-II, Metaphase-II, Anaphase-II, Telophase-II, Significance of Meiosis, Maintenance of Chromosome Number across Generations, Genetic Diversity, Errors in Meiosis, Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities, Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis, Similarities between Meiosis and Mitosis, Somatic Cells, Germline Cells, Single Division, Double Division, Daughter Cell Genetic Identity

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 5: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

Levels of Organization, Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Emergent Properties, Organs and Organ Systems in Plants, Plant Organs, Roots, Stems, Leaves, Flowers, Structure of a Leaf, Epidermal Tissue, Mesophyll Tissue, Palisade Tissue, Spongy Tissue, Vascular Tissue, Xylem, Phloem, Plant Organ Systems, Root System, Shoot System, Organs and Organ Systems in Humans, Major Human Organs, Heart, Lungs, Brain, Liver, Kidneys, Intestines, Stomach, Pancreas, Structure of the Stomach, Epithelial Tissue, Glandular Lining, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Smooth Muscle Layers, Major Human Organ Systems, Skeletal System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Circulatory System, Excretory System, Urinary System, Integumentary System, Homeostasis, Thermoregulation, Sweating, Shivering, Regulation of Blood Glucose, Regulation of Oxygen, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide, Osmoregulation, Nervous System Role in Homeostasis, Endocrine System Role in Homeostasis, Respiratory System Role in Homeostasis, Cardiovascular System Role in Homeostasis, Muscular System Role in Homeostasis, Urinary System Role in Homeostasis, Integumentary System Role in Homeostasis

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 6: Biomolecules

Biomolecules, Macromolecules in Cells, Dry Mass Distribution of Protoplasm, Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Carbohydrates, General Formula of Carbohydrates, Classification of Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides, Pentoses, Ribose, Deoxyribose, Hexoses, Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Disaccharides, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, Polysaccharides, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin, Sources of Carbohydrates, Cellular Functions of Carbohydrates, Physiological Functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Polymers of Amino Acids, Central Carbon, Amino Group, Carboxyl Group, Hydrogen, R-Group, Essential Amino Acids, Non-Essential Amino Acids, Sources of Proteins, Structural Proteins, Enzymes, Peptide Hormones, Transport Proteins, Contractile Proteins, Blood Clotting Proteins, Antibodies, Lipids, Glycerol, Fatty Acids, Saturated Fatty Acids, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Fats and Oils, Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Cell Membrane Backbone, Sources of Lipids, Long-Term Energy Storage, Thermal Insulation, Organ Protection, Steroid Hormone Synthesis, Fat-Soluble Vitamin Absorption, Nucleic Acids, Nucleotide Structure, Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate Group, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA, Double-Helix Model, Watson and Crick, Base Pairing Rules, Genetic Information Carrier, Ribonucleic Acid, RNA, Single-Stranded Structure, Uracil, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, The Working of DNA and RNA, Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis, Ribosome

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 7: Enzymes

Metabolism, Catabolic Pathways, Anabolic Pathways, Enzymes, Biological Catalysts, Globular Protein Structure, Enzyme Specificity, Intracellular Enzymes, Extracellular Enzymes, Cofactors, Inorganic Metal Ions, Organic Cofactors, Prosthetic Groups, Coenzymes, Sequential Enzyme Actions, Metabolic Pathways, Industrial Applications of Enzymes, Food Industry, Paper Industry, Biological Detergents, Fermentation, Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Active Site, Lock and Key Model, Emil Fischer, Induced Fit Model, Daniel Koshland, Factors that Affect the Activity of Enzymes, Temperature, Optimum Temperature, Thermal Denaturation, pH, Optimum pH, Active Site Ionization, Substrate Concentration, Saturation of Active Sites, Enzyme Inhibition, Competitive Inhibition, Structural Similarity to Substrate, Active Site Blocking, Antibiotics, Non-Competitive Inhibition, Allosteric Sites, Active Site Conformational Alteration, Heavy Metals, Cancer Therapeutic Drugs

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 8: Bioenergetics

ATP: The Cell's Energy Currency, Oxidation-Reduction Reactions, Redox Reactions, Energy Transfer, ATP Structure, Adenine, Ribose, Three Phosphate Groups, High-Energy Phosphate Bonds, Hydrolysis, ADP, AMP, ATP-ADP Cycle, Photosynthesis, General Chemical Equation, Light-Dependent Reactions, Thylakoid Membrane, Light Absorption, Electron Transport Chain, Photolysis of Water, ATP Production, NADPH Production, Dark Reactions, Calvin Cycle, Stroma, Carbon Dioxide Fixation, Carbon Reduction, Glucose Generation, Role of Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Carotenoids, Accessory Pigments, Absorption Spectra, Red Light Absorption, Blue Light Absorption, Cellular Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Complete Oxidation of Glucose, Oxygen, Anaerobic Respiration, Fermentation, Alcoholic Fermentation, Yeast, Bacteria, Ethanol, Carbon Dioxide, Lactic Acid Fermentation, Skeletal Muscles, Lactic Acid, Importance of Fermentation, Evolutionary Biology, Industrial Applications, Mechanism of Aerobic Respiration, Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, Pyruvic Acid, Krebs Cycle, Mitochondrial Matrix, Acetyl-CoA, Carbon Dioxide, ATP, NADH, FADH2, Electron Transport Chain, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Cristae, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Respiratory Energy, Muscle Contraction, Active Transport, Biosyntheses, Cell Division, Nerve Impulse Transmission, Body Temperature Maintenance, Comparison between Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 9: Plant Physiology

Nutrition in Plants, Autotrophic Mineral Requirements, Macronutrients, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium, Micronutrients, Iron, Molybdenum, Boron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Chlorine, Nickel, Role of Nitrogen, Protein Synthesis, Chlorophyll Synthesis, Role of Magnesium, Chlorophyll Core, Enzyme Activation, Deficiency Symptoms, Chlorosis, Stunted Growth, Transport in Plants, Passive Transport, Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, Internal Root Anatomy, Epidermis, Root Hairs, Cortex, Endodermis, Pericycle, Vascular Bundle, Xylem, Phloem, Uptake of Water and Mineral Salts, Apoplastic Movement, Symplastic Movement, Transpiration, Definition of Transpiration, Stomatal Transpiration, Cuticular Transpiration, Lenticular Transpiration, Stomatal Opening, Stomatal Closing, Guard Cell Turgor Movement, Potassium Ions, Osmotic Balance, Factors Affecting Transpiration Rate, Temperature, Wind Speed, Atmospheric Humidity, Transport of Water and Salts in Plants, Cohesion-Tension Theory, Transpirational Pull, Xylem Sap Ascent, Translocation of Food in Plants, Phloem Transport Mechanism, Pressure Flow Hypothesis, Source-to-Sink Movement, Gaseous Exchange in Plants, Diffusion through Stomata, Lenticels, Root Surfaces, Mechanisms for Excretion in Plants, Storage of Metabolic Wastes, Disposal of Metabolic Wastes, Resins, Gums, Latex, Leaf Fall, Excretophores, Vacuolar Sequestration, Osmotic Adjustments in Plants, Hydrophytes, Xerophytes, Halophiles, Mesophytes

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 10: Reproduction in Plants

Types of Asexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Natural Vegetative Propagation, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, Runners, Suckers, Artificial Propagation, Agricultural Techniques, Horticultural Techniques, Cuttings, Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Structure of a Flower, Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Androecium, Carpel, Gynoecium, Pollination, Self-Pollination, Cross-Pollination, Pollination by Wind, Pollination by Insects, Pollination by Water, Gametophyte Development, Double Fertilization, Seed Development, Fruit Development

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 11: Biostatistics

Introduction to Biostatistics, Definition of Biostatistics, Importance of Biostatistics, Applications of Statistical Methods in Biological Research, Data Collection, Mean, Median, Mode, Measures of Central Tendency, Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode, Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode, Biological Relevance of Mean, Median and Mode, Bar Chart, Graphical Representation, Interpretation of Bar Charts, Visualization of Discrete Biological Data

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 1 + Chapter 2

Biology and its Branches, Definition of Biology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Embryology, Genetics, Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Marine Biology, Pathology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Relation of Biology with Other Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Computational Biology, Biogeography, Biostatistics, Biotechnology, Bio-economics, Careers in Biology, Medicine and Surgery (MBBS), Dentistry (BDS), Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Fisheries and Wildlife, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Forestry, Farming, Biotechnology, Forensics, Veterinary Medicine, Genetic Counselling, Environmental Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Quranic Instructions to Study Life Science, Creation from Water, Creation from Clay, Developmental Stages of Organisms, Diversity of Animal Movement, Science as a Collaborative Field, Human Genome Project, Climate Change Research, Medical Research, Robotics and AI, Space Exploration, Scientific Method, Recognition of a Scientific Problem, Observations, Qualitative Observations, Quantitative Observations, Formulation of Hypothesis, Deduction, If-Then Statements, Experimentation, Experimental Group, Control Group, Results, Statistical Analysis, Publication, Theory and Law/Principle, Theory, Scientific Law, Scientific Principle, Malaria – An Example of Biological Method, Cause of Malaria, Discovery of Plasmodium by Laveran, Mode of Transmission, King's Observations, Ronald Ross's Experiments on Sparrows, Italian Biologists' Experiments on Humans

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 3 + Chapter 4

Cell, Basic Unit of Life, Cell as a Functioning System, Cell as a City, Structure of Cell, Cell Wall, Middle Lamella, Primary Wall, Secondary Wall, Cell Wall Composition in Plants, Cell Wall Composition in Fungi, Cell Wall Composition in Bacteria, Cell Membrane, Fluid-Mosaic Model, Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Nucleus, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pores, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Ribosomes, Protein Synthesis, Ribosome Structure, Ribosome Subunits, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Cisternae, Golgi Vesicles, Lysosomes, Digestive Enzymes, Waste Breakdown, Cellular Cleanup, Mitochondria, Powerhouse of the Cell, Cristae, Matrix, Endosymbiotic Features, Plastids, Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts, Vacuoles, Animal Vacuoles, Large Central Plant Vacuole, Turgor Pressure, Centrioles, Centrosomes, Cilia, Flagella, Structural Advantages of Plant and Animal Cells, Structural Adaptations in Plants, Rigidity, Autotrophy, Turgor, Structural Adaptations in Animals, Flexibility, Motility, Division Efficiency, Cell Specialization, Plant Specialized Cells, Mesophyll Cells, Epidermal Cells, Guard Cells, Root Hair Cells, Animal Specialized Cells, Muscle Cells, Skeletal Muscle Cells, Cardiac Muscle Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells, Neurons, Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes, Liver Cells, Hepatocytes, Division of Labour within Cells, Division of Labour among Organelles, Division of Labour across Cells, Tissues, Organs, Stem Cells, Unspecialized Stem Cells, Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, Differentiation into Skin Cells, Differentiation into Liver Cells, Differentiation into Blood Cells, Bone Marrow

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 5 + Chapter 6

Levels of Organization, Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Emergent Properties, Organs and Organ Systems in Plants, Plant Organs, Roots, Stems, Leaves, Flowers, Structure of a Leaf, Epidermal Tissue, Mesophyll Tissue, Palisade Tissue, Spongy Tissue, Vascular Tissue, Xylem, Phloem, Plant Organ Systems, Root System, Shoot System, Organs and Organ Systems in Humans, Major Human Organs, Heart, Lungs, Brain, Liver, Kidneys, Intestines, Stomach, Pancreas, Structure of the Stomach, Epithelial Tissue, Glandular Lining, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Smooth Muscle Layers, Major Human Organ Systems, Skeletal System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Circulatory System, Excretory System, Urinary System, Integumentary System, Homeostasis, Thermoregulation, Sweating, Shivering, Regulation of Blood Glucose, Regulation of Oxygen, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide, Osmoregulation, Nervous System Role in Homeostasis, Endocrine System Role in Homeostasis, Respiratory System Role in Homeostasis, Cardiovascular System Role in Homeostasis, Muscular System Role in Homeostasis, Urinary System Role in Homeostasis, Integumentary System Role in Homeostasis

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 7 + Chapter 8

Metabolism, Catabolic Pathways, Anabolic Pathways, Enzymes, Biological Catalysts, Globular Protein Structure, Enzyme Specificity, Intracellular Enzymes, Extracellular Enzymes, Cofactors, Inorganic Metal Ions, Organic Cofactors, Prosthetic Groups, Coenzymes, Sequential Enzyme Actions, Metabolic Pathways, Industrial Applications of Enzymes, Food Industry, Paper Industry, Biological Detergents, Fermentation, Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Active Site, Lock and Key Model, Emil Fischer, Induced Fit Model, Daniel Koshland, Factors that Affect the Activity of Enzymes, Temperature, Optimum Temperature, Thermal Denaturation, pH, Optimum pH, Active Site Ionization, Substrate Concentration, Saturation of Active Sites, Enzyme Inhibition, Competitive Inhibition, Structural Similarity to Substrate, Active Site Blocking, Antibiotics, Non-Competitive Inhibition, Allosteric Sites, Active Site Conformational Alteration, Heavy Metals, Cancer Therapeutic Drugs

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 9 + Chapter 10

Types of Asexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Natural Vegetative Propagation, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, Runners, Suckers, Artificial Propagation, Agricultural Techniques, Horticultural Techniques, Cuttings, Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Structure of a Flower, Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Androecium, Carpel, Gynoecium, Pollination, Self-Pollination, Cross-Pollination, Pollination by Wind, Pollination by Insects, Pollination by Water, Gametophyte Development, Double Fertilization, Seed Development, Fruit Development

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Chapter 11

Introduction to Biostatistics, Definition of Biostatistics, Importance of Biostatistics, Applications of Statistical Methods in Biological Research, Data Collection, Mean, Median, Mode, Measures of Central Tendency, Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode, Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode, Biological Relevance of Mean, Median and Mode, Bar Chart, Graphical Representation, Interpretation of Bar Charts, Visualization of Discrete Biological Data

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Quarter 1

Biology and its Branches, Definition of Biology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Embryology, Genetics, Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Marine Biology, Pathology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Relation of Biology with Other Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Computational Biology, Biogeography, Biostatistics, Biotechnology, Bio-economics, Careers in Biology, Medicine and Surgery (MBBS), Dentistry (BDS), Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Fisheries and Wildlife, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Forestry, Farming, Biotechnology, Forensics, Veterinary Medicine, Genetic Counselling, Environmental Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Quranic Instructions to Study Life Science, Creation from Water, Creation from Clay, Developmental Stages of Organisms, Diversity of Animal Movement, Science as a Collaborative Field, Human Genome Project, Climate Change Research, Medical Research, Robotics and AI, Space Exploration, Scientific Method, Recognition of a Scientific Problem, Observations, Qualitative Observations, Quantitative Observations, Formulation of Hypothesis, Deduction, If-Then Statements, Experimentation, Experimental Group, Control Group, Results, Statistical Analysis, Publication, Theory and Law/Principle, Theory, Scientific Law, Scientific Principle, Malaria – An Example of Biological Method, Cause of Malaria, Discovery of Plasmodium by Laveran, Mode of Transmission, King's Observations, Ronald Ross's Experiments on Sparrows, Italian Biologists' Experiments on Humans

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Quarter 2

Cell Cycle, Interphase, Mitotic Phase, G1 Phase, S Phase, DNA Replication, G2 Phase, G0 Phase, Permanent Cell Cycle Exit, Temporary Cell Cycle Exit, Mitosis, Karyokinesis, Prophase, Metaphase, Metaphase Plate, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Cleavage Furrow, Phragmoplast, Cell Plate, Significance of Mitosis, Growth, Cell Replacement, Regeneration, Asexual Reproduction, Errors in Mitosis, Non-disjunction, Gene Mutation, Benign Tumors, Malignant Tumors, Cancer, Metastasis, Meiosis, Diploid Cells, Haploid Cells, Reduction Division, Meiosis-I, Prophase-I, Synapsis, Tetrad Formation, Chiasmata, Crossing Over, Metaphase-I, Anaphase-I, Telophase-I, Meiosis-II, Prophase-II, Metaphase-II, Anaphase-II, Telophase-II, Significance of Meiosis, Maintenance of Chromosome Number across Generations, Genetic Diversity, Errors in Meiosis, Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities, Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis, Similarities between Meiosis and Mitosis, Somatic Cells, Germline Cells, Single Division, Double Division, Daughter Cell Genetic Identity

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Quarter 3

Metabolism, Catabolic Pathways, Anabolic Pathways, Enzymes, Biological Catalysts, Globular Protein Structure, Enzyme Specificity, Intracellular Enzymes, Extracellular Enzymes, Cofactors, Inorganic Metal Ions, Organic Cofactors, Prosthetic Groups, Coenzymes, Sequential Enzyme Actions, Metabolic Pathways, Industrial Applications of Enzymes, Food Industry, Paper Industry, Biological Detergents, Fermentation, Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Active Site, Lock and Key Model, Emil Fischer, Induced Fit Model, Daniel Koshland, Factors that Affect the Activity of Enzymes, Temperature, Optimum Temperature, Thermal Denaturation, pH, Optimum pH, Active Site Ionization, Substrate Concentration, Saturation of Active Sites, Enzyme Inhibition, Competitive Inhibition, Structural Similarity to Substrate, Active Site Blocking, Antibiotics, Non-Competitive Inhibition, Allosteric Sites, Active Site Conformational Alteration, Heavy Metals, Cancer Therapeutic Drugs

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Quarter 4

Types of Asexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Natural Vegetative Propagation, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, Runners, Suckers, Artificial Propagation, Agricultural Techniques, Horticultural Techniques, Cuttings, Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Structure of a Flower, Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Androecium, Carpel, Gynoecium, Pollination, Self-Pollination, Cross-Pollination, Pollination by Wind, Pollination by Insects, Pollination by Water, Gametophyte Development, Double Fertilization, Seed Development, Fruit Development

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Half Book 1

Biology and its Branches, Definition of Biology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Embryology, Genetics, Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Marine Biology, Pathology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Relation of Biology with Other Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Computational Biology, Biogeography, Biostatistics, Biotechnology, Bio-economics, Careers in Biology, Medicine and Surgery (MBBS), Dentistry (BDS), Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Fisheries and Wildlife, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Forestry, Farming, Biotechnology, Forensics, Veterinary Medicine, Genetic Counselling, Environmental Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Quranic Instructions to Study Life Science, Creation from Water, Creation from Clay, Developmental Stages of Organisms, Diversity of Animal Movement, Science as a Collaborative Field, Human Genome Project, Climate Change Research, Medical Research, Robotics and AI, Space Exploration, Scientific Method, Recognition of a Scientific Problem, Observations, Qualitative Observations, Quantitative Observations, Formulation of Hypothesis, Deduction, If-Then Statements, Experimentation, Experimental Group, Control Group, Results, Statistical Analysis, Publication, Theory and Law/Principle, Theory, Scientific Law, Scientific Principle, Malaria – An Example of Biological Method, Cause of Malaria, Discovery of Plasmodium by Laveran, Mode of Transmission, King's Observations, Ronald Ross's Experiments on Sparrows, Italian Biologists' Experiments on Humans

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Half Book 2

Types of Asexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Natural Vegetative Propagation, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, Runners, Suckers, Artificial Propagation, Agricultural Techniques, Horticultural Techniques, Cuttings, Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Structure of a Flower, Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Androecium, Carpel, Gynoecium, Pollination, Self-Pollination, Cross-Pollination, Pollination by Wind, Pollination by Insects, Pollination by Water, Gametophyte Development, Double Fertilization, Seed Development, Fruit Development

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Biology

SSC-I Afaq Sun Series

Bio – Full Book

Biology and its Branches, Definition of Biology, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Cytology, Molecular Biology, Embryology, Genetics, Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Marine Biology, Pathology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Relation of Biology with Other Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Computational Biology, Biogeography, Biostatistics, Biotechnology, Bio-economics, Careers in Biology, Medicine and Surgery (MBBS), Dentistry (BDS), Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Fisheries and Wildlife, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, Forestry, Farming, Biotechnology, Forensics, Veterinary Medicine, Genetic Counselling, Environmental Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Quranic Instructions to Study Life Science, Creation from Water, Creation from Clay, Developmental Stages of Organisms, Diversity of Animal Movement, Science as a Collaborative Field, Human Genome Project, Climate Change Research, Medical Research, Robotics and AI, Space Exploration, Scientific Method, Recognition of a Scientific Problem, Observations, Qualitative Observations, Quantitative Observations, Formulation of Hypothesis, Deduction, If-Then Statements, Experimentation, Experimental Group, Control Group, Results, Statistical Analysis, Publication, Theory and Law/Principle, Theory, Scientific Law, Scientific Principle, Malaria – An Example of Biological Method, Cause of Malaria, Discovery of Plasmodium by Laveran, Mode of Transmission, King's Observations, Ronald Ross's Experiments on Sparrows, Italian Biologists' Experiments on Humans

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